熒光顯微鏡是利用(yong)一個高發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)效(xiao)率的(de)點光(guang)(guang)(guang)源，經過濾色(se)(se)系統發(fa)出(chu)一定波長的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)作為激(ji)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)源，激(ji)發(fa)待測樣品內的(de)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)物質發(fa)射(she)出(chu)各種不同顏色(se)(se)的(de)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)后，再通過物鏡和(he)目(mu)鏡的(de)放大進(jin)行觀察。這(zhe)樣在強烈的(de)對襯背景(jing)下，即使熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)很微弱也(ye)非常(chang)易于辨認，敏感性高，可(ke)以用(yong)于細胞結構和(he)功能、生(sheng)物化學(xue)成分等的(de)研(yan)究。

熒光顯微鏡汞(gong)燈使(shi)用的注意事項：

通(tong)常使(shi)用的為50W超(chao)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)汞(gong)燈，燈管(guan)內通(tong)有(you)一對鎢(wu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)和液態汞(gong)（室溫下(xia)附在(zai)管(guan)壁(bi)上），未點燃(ran)(ran)時，管(guan)內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)很低，在(zai)燈管(guan)的兩電(dian)(dian)極(ji)間施加電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)角(jiao)發點燃(ran)(ran)后(hou)，汞(gong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化為汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)形成汞(gong)弧而產(chan)生強(qiang)光，溫度升(sheng)高，管(guan)內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)迅速升(sheng)到10個大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)。由于是高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，要了解其(qi)特性才能(neng)安全地(di)使(shi)用汞(gong)燈。

1.汞(gong)(gong)燈接通(tong)電源后(hou)需要(yao)(yao)10-15min預熱時(shi)間，汞(gong)(gong)才能充分(fen)汽化并形成汞(gong)(gong)弧(hu)，產生高亮(liang)度而(er)穩定的(de)激發(fa)光。因此，觀察前要(yao)(yao)提(ti)早通(tong)電；

2.汞(gong)燈在(zai)使用過程(cheng)中，不要隨意開關(guan)汞(gong)燈的(de)電源；

3.關掉汞燈(deng)(deng)電源(yuan)后，要等待(dai)15-20min，待(dai)汞燈(deng)(deng)自燃(ran)冷卻后才可再(zai)次接通(tong)電源(yuan)，違(wei)反(fan)這一操作規定時，將會造成嚴重(zhong)后果！

由于汞(gong)(gong)(gong)燈(deng)內(nei)的(de)(de)汞(gong)(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)氣未液(ye)化，汞(gong)(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)氣內(nei)阻很(hen)小，一(yi)旦(dan)通電(dian)在兩(liang)電(dian)極間施加電(dian)壓，汞(gong)(gong)(gong)燈(deng)內(nei)形成強大的(de)(de)電(dian)流，輕則(ze)燒(shao)斷保(bao)險絲或燒(shao)毀汞(gong)(gong)(gong)燈(deng)電(dian)源中(zhong)的(de)(de)扼流圈，重則(ze)汞(gong)(gong)(gong)燈(deng)爆炸(zha)，汞(gong)(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)氣彌漫(man)整個實(shi)驗室，造成工(gong)作人員中(zhong)毒，不僅損失(shi)了(le)汞(gong)(gong)(gong)燈(deng)，還(huan)會炸(zha)毀燈(deng)室內(nei)的(de)(de)集光-聚光部件。

4.汞(gong)燈的(de)使用(yong)壽命一般(ban)只有300h，使用(yong)得當可達600h，使用(yong)壽命與(yu)開關的(de)次(ci)數成反比，應(ying)集中(zhong)一批樣品作2-3h的(de)觀察。汞(gong)燈價格及昂(ang)貴，應(ying)珍惜使用(yong)。